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<title>Ajami script</title>

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Ajami script

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Ajami (<a href="Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1227789315">

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.mw-parser-output .script-arabic{font-family:"Scheherazade New","SF Arabic",Amiri,"Noto Naskh Arabic","Droid Arabic Naskh","Noto Sans Arabic","Sakkal Majalla","Harmattan","Arabic Typesetting","Arabic Transparent","Times New Roman",Arial,Calibri,"Microsoft Sans Serif","Segoe UI",serif,sans-serif;font-weight:normal}

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</style>عجمي‎, ʿajamī) or Ajamiyya (<a href="Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: عجمية‎, ʿajamiyyah), which comes from the Arabic root for 'foreign' or 'stranger', is an <a href="Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Arabic-derived script</a> used for writing <a href="Languages_of_Africa" title="Languages of Africa">African languages</a>, particularly <a href="Songhai_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Songhai languages">Songhai</a>, <a href="Mand%C3%A9_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Mandé languages">Mandé</a>, <a href="Hausa_language" title="Hausa language">Hausa</a> and <a href="Swahili_language" title="Swahili language">Swahili</a>, although many other languages are also written using the script, including <a href="Moor%C3%A9_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Mooré language">Mooré</a>, <a href="Pulaar_language" title="Pulaar language">Pulaar</a>, <a href="Wolof_language" title="Wolof language">Wolof</a>, and <a href="Yoruba_language" title="Yoruba language">Yoruba</a>. It is an adaptation of the Arabic script to write sounds not found in <a href="Standard_Arabic" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard Arabic">Standard Arabic</a>. Rather than adding new letters, modifications usually consist of additional dots or lines added to pre-existing letters.<a href="#cite_note-:0-1">[1]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div>

The script was first used between the 10th and the 16th centuries.<a href="#cite_note-:0-1">[1]</a> It was likely originally created with the intent of promoting <a href="Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> in <a href="West_Africa" title="West Africa">West Africa</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:1-2">[2]</a> The first languages written in the script were likely old <a href="Shilha_language" title="Shilha language">Taseelhit</a> or medieval <a href="Berber_languages" title="Berber languages">Amazigh</a>, <a href="Kanuri_language" title="Kanuri language">Kanuri</a>, or <a href="Songhay_languages" title="Songhay languages">Songhay</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:0-1">[1]</a> Later, Fulfulde, Hausa, Wolof, and Yoruba would use the script.<a href="#cite_note-:0-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-:2-3">[3]</a> By the 17th century, the script was being used to publish religious texts and poetry.<a href="#cite_note-:2-3">[3]</a> Guinean <a href="Fula_language" title="Fula language">Fulani</a> poetry was written in Ajami from the middle of the 18th century.<a href="#cite_note-:2-3">[3]</a>

During the pre-colonial period, Qur'anic schools taught Muslim children Arabic and, by extension, Ajami.<a href="#cite_note-:1-2">[2]</a>

After Western colonization, a <a href="Boko_alphabet" title="Boko alphabet">Latin orthography for Hausa</a> was adopted and the Ajami script declined in popularity.<a href="#cite_note-:2-3">[3]</a> Some anti-colonial groups and movements continued to use Ajami.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> An Islamic revival in the 19th century led to a wave of Ajami written works.<a href="#cite_note-:0-1">[1]</a>

Ajami remains in widespread use among Islamic circles<a href="#cite_note-:2-3">[3]</a> but exists in <a href="Digraphia" title="Digraphia">digraphia</a> among the broader populace. Ajami is used ceremonially and for specific purposes, such as for local herbal preparations in the <a href="Dyula_language" title="Dyula language">Jula language</a>.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hausa_Ajami_script">Hausa Ajami script</h2></div>

There is no standard system of using Ajami, and different writers may use letters with different values. Short vowels are written regularly with the help of vowel marks (which are seldom used in Arabic texts other than the Quran). Many medieval Hausa manuscripts, similar to the <a href="Timbuktu_Manuscripts" title="Timbuktu Manuscripts">Timbuktu Manuscripts</a> written in the Ajami script, have been discovered recently. and some of them describe <a href="Constellation" title="Constellation">constellations</a> and <a href="Islamic_calendars" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic calendars">calendars</a>.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a>

An example of the letter values is in the following table.

<th>Latin</th>

<th>Arabic ajami

</th></tr>

<tr>

<td>  ـَ‎

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>  ـَا‎

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>  <a href="%D8%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="ب">ب</a>‎

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>  <a href="%D8%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="ب">ب</a>‎ (same as b), <a href="%D9%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="ٻ">ٻ</a>‎ (not used in Arabic)

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>  <a href="%D8%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="ث">ث</a>‎

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>  <a href="%D8%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="د">د</a>‎

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>  <a href="%D8%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="د">د</a>‎ (same as d), <a href="%D8%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="ط">ط</a>‎ (also used for ts)

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>  ـٜ‎ (not used in Arabic)

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>  ـٰٜی‎ (not used in Arabic)

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>  <a href="%D9%81" class="mw-redirect" title="ف">ف</a>‎, or <a href="%DA%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="ڢ">ڢ</a>‎

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>  <a href="%D8%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="غ">غ</a>‎

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>  <a href="%D9%87" class="mw-redirect" title="ه">ه</a>‎

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>  ـِ‎

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>  <a href="%D9%80%D9%90%D9%89" class="mw-redirect" title="ـِى">ـِى</a>‎

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>  <a href="%D8%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="ج">ج</a>‎

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>  <a href="%D9%83" class="mw-redirect" title="ك">ك</a>‎

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>  <a href="%D9%83" class="mw-redirect" title="ك">ك</a>‎ (same as k), <a href="%D9%82" class="mw-redirect" title="ق">ق</a>‎, or <a href="%DA%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="ڧ">ڧ</a>‎

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>  <a href="%D9%84" class="mw-redirect" title="ل">ل</a>‎

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>  <a href="%D9%85" class="mw-redirect" title="م">م</a>‎

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>  <a href="%D9%86" class="mw-redirect" title="ن">ن</a>‎

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>  ـُ‎   (same as u)

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>  <a href="%D9%80%D9%8F%D9%88" class="mw-redirect" title="ـُو">ـُو</a>‎ (same as u)

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>  <a href="%D8%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="ر">ر</a>‎

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>  <a href="%D8%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="س">س</a>‎

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>  <a href="%D8%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="ش">ش</a>‎

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>  <a href="%D8%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="ت">ت</a>‎

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>  <a href="%D8%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="ط">ط</a>‎ (also used for ɗ), <a href="%DA%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="ڟ">ڟ</a>‎ (not used in Arabic)

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>  ـُ‎   (same as o)

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>  ـُو‎ (same as o)

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>  <a href="%D9%88" class="mw-redirect" title="و">و</a>‎

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>  <a href="%DB%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="ی">ی</a>‎

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>  <a href="%D8%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="ز">ز</a>‎     <a href="%D8%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="ذ">ذ</a>‎

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>  <a href="%D8%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="ع">ع</a>‎

</td></tr></tbody></table>

<ul><li><a href="Wolofal_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Wolofal script">Wolofal script</a></li>

<li><a href="Wadaad's_writing" title="Wadaad's writing">Wadaad's writing</a></li>

<li><a href="Fula_alphabets#Arabic_(Ajami)_alphabet" title="Fula alphabets">Fula alphabets#Arabic (Ajami) alphabet</a></li>

<li><a href="Swahili_Ajami" title="Swahili Ajami">Swahili Ajami</a></li>

<li><a href="Mandinka_language#Orthography" title="Mandinka language">Mandinka language#Orthography</a></li>

<li><a href="Maore_dialect#Maore_Arabic_Alphabet" title="Maore dialect">Maore dialect#Maore Arabic Alphabet</a></li>

<li><a href="Susu_language#Orthography" title="Susu language">Susu language#Orthography</a></li>

<li><a href="Aljamiado" title="Aljamiado">Aljamiado</a></li>

<li><a href="Jawi_script" title="Jawi script">Jawi script</a></li>

<li><a href="Perso-Arabic_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Perso-Arabic script">Perso-Arabic script</a></li>

<li><a href="Timbuktu_Manuscripts" title="Timbuktu Manuscripts">Timbuktu Manuscripts</a></li>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFNgom2016" class="citation book cs1">Ngom, Fallou (2016-08-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190279868.001.0001">Muslims beyond the Arab World</a>. Oxford University Press. pp. 8–9. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Facprof%3Aoso%2F9780190279868.001.0001">10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190279868.001.0001</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-19-027986-8</bdi>.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-:1-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-1">b</a> <cite id="CITEREFNgom2018" class="citation journal cs1">Ngom, Fallou (2018-02-15). Albaugh, Ericka A.; de Luna, Kathryn M. (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190657543.001.0001">"Ajami Literacies of West Africa"</a>. Oxford Scholarship Online. 1. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Foso%2F9780190657543.001.0001">10.1093/oso/9780190657543.001.0001</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-19-065754-3</bdi>.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-:2-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_3-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_3-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_3-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_3-4">e</a> <cite id="CITEREFPasch2008" class="citation journal cs1">Pasch, Helma (January 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/IJSL.2008.025/html">"Competing scripts: the introduction of the Roman alphabet in Africa"</a>. International Journal of the Sociology of Language (191): 2, 9–10. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2FIJSL.2008.025">10.1515/IJSL.2008.025</a>. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0165-2516">0165-2516</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144394668">144394668</a>.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFCallahan2022" class="citation web cs1">Callahan, Molly (21 December 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bu.edu/articles/2022/fallou-ngom-discovers-ajami-african-writing-system/">"Unearthing a Long Ignored African Writing System, One Researcher Finds African History, by Africans"</a>. Boston University. Retrieved 2023-01-21.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFDonaldson2013" class="citation journal cs1">Donaldson, Coleman (1 October 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://repository.upenn.edu/wpel/vol28/iss2/2/">"Jula Ajami in Burkina Faso: A Grassroots Literacy in the Former Kong Empire"</a>. Working Papers in Educational Linguistics. 28 (2): 19–36. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1548-3134">1548-3134</a>.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141130201717/http://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/201105/from.africa.in.ajami.htm">"Saudi Aramco World : From Africa, in Ajami"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/201105/from.africa.in.ajami.htm">the original</a> on 2014-11-30. Retrieved 2011-10-16.</cite>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div>

<ul><li>Bonate, Liazzat JK. "The use of the Arabic script in northern Mozambique." Tydskrif vir letterkunde 45, no. 1 (2008): 133–142.</li>

<li>Dobronravine, Nikolai, and John E. Philips. "Hausa ajami literature and script: Colonial innovations and post-colonial myths in northern Nigeria." Sudanic Africa 15 (2004): 85–110.</li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFHegyi1979" class="citation journal cs1">Hegyi, O. (1979). "Minority and restricted uses of the Arabic alphabet: the aljamiado phenomenon". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 99 (2): 262–269. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F602662">10.2307/602662</a>. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0003-0279">0003-0279</a>. <a href="JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/602662">602662</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:163610376">163610376</a>.</cite></li>

<li>Lüpke, Friederike. "Language planning in West Africa-who writes the script?." Language documentation and description 2 (2004): 90–107.</li>

<li>Mumin, Meikal. "The Arabic Script in Africa: Understudied Literacy." In The Arabic Script in Africa, pp. 41–76. Brill, 2014.</li>

<li>Naim, Mohammed C. "Arabic Orthography and Some Non-Semitic Languages." Islam and its Cultural Divergence. Ed. Girdhari L. Tikku. University of Illinois Press: Chicago (1971).</li>

<li>Ngom, Fallou. "Ajami scripts in the Senegalese speech community." Journal of Arabic and Islamic Studies 10 (2010): 1–23.</li>

<li>Robinson, David. "Fulfulde literature in Arabic script." History in Africa 9 (1982): 251–261.</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ajami.hypotheses.org">"Notes on sub-Saharan languages written in Arabic script"</a>. A-label: African Languages Between the Lines. <q>a research blog associated with the Ajami Lab at the Centre for the Study of Manuscript Cultures at the Universität Hamburg</q></cite></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bisharat.net/wikidoc/pmwiki.php/PanAfrLoc/ArabicScript">PanAfrican L10n page on Arabic script and "Ajami"</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.omniglot.com/writing/hausa.htm">Omniglot page on Hausa Ajami Script</a></li></ul>

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</style><div id="Arabic_alphabets379" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Arabic alphabets</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr> indicates the language is no longer written using Arabic</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Elifba_alphabet" title="Elifba alphabet">Albanian</a> <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li>

<li><a href="Aljamiado" title="Aljamiado">Aljamiado</a> <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li>

<li><a href="Azerbaijani_alphabet" title="Azerbaijani alphabet">Azerbaijani</a></li>

<li><a href="Belarusian_Arabic_alphabet" title="Belarusian Arabic alphabet">Belarusian</a> <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li>

<li><a href="Chechen_language#Alphabets" title="Chechen language">Chechen</a> <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li>

<li>Circassian

<ul><li><a href="Adyghe_language#Other_writing_systems" title="Adyghe language">Adyghe</a> <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li>

<li><a href="Kabardian_language#Orthography" title="Kabardian language">Kabardian</a> <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Crimean_Tatar_alphabet" title="Crimean Tatar alphabet">Crimean Tatar</a> <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li>

<li><a href="Dargin_alphabets#Arabic_script" title="Dargin alphabets">Dargwa</a> <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li>

<li><a href="Dobrujan_Tatar_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Dobrujan Tatar alphabet">Dobrujan Tatar</a> <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li>

<li><a href="Greek_Aljamiado" title="Greek Aljamiado">Greek</a> <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li>

<li><a href="Karachay-Balkar" title="Karachay-Balkar">Karachay-Balkar</a> <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li>

<li><a href="Kazakh_alphabets" title="Kazakh alphabets">Kazakh</a></li>

<li><a href="Kumyk_language" title="Kumyk language">Kumyk</a> <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li>

<li><a href="Ottoman_Turkish_alphabet" title="Ottoman Turkish alphabet">Ottoman Turkish</a> <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li>

<li><a href="Arebica" title="Arebica">Serbo-Croatian</a> <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Arabic_alphabet" title="Arabic alphabet">Arabic</a></li>

<li><a href="Azerbaijani_alphabet" title="Azerbaijani alphabet">Azerbaijani</a></li>

<li><a href="Balochi_Standard_Alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Balochi Standard Alphabet">Balochi</a></li>

<li><a href="Balti_language#Perso-Arabic_alphabet" title="Balti language">Balti</a></li>

<li><a href="Bashkir_alphabet" title="Bashkir alphabet">Bashkir</a></li>

<li><a href="Brahui_language#Perso-Arabic_script" title="Brahui language">Brahui</a></li>

<li><a href="Buri_Wolio" title="Buri Wolio">Buri Wolio</a></li>

<li><a href="Burushaski#Writing_system" title="Burushaski">Burushaski</a></li>

<li><a href="Chagatai_language#Orthography" title="Chagatai language">Chagatay</a> <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li>

<li><a href="Gawri_language#Alphabet" title="Gawri language">Gawri</a></li>

<li><a href="Kashmiri_language#Writing_system" title="Kashmiri language">Kashmiri</a></li>

<li><a href="Kazakh_alphabets" title="Kazakh alphabets">Kazakh</a></li>

<li><a href="Kishtwari_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kishtwari language">Kishtwari</a></li>

<li><a href="Khowar_alphabet" title="Khowar alphabet">Khowar</a></li>

<li><a href="Kurdish_alphabets" title="Kurdish alphabets">Kurdish</a></li>

<li><a href="Kyrgyz_alphabets" title="Kyrgyz alphabets">Kyrgyz</a></li>

<li><a href="Arabi_Malayalam_script" title="Arabi Malayalam script">Malayalam</a></li>

<li><a href="Marwari_language" title="Marwari language">Marwari (Rajasthani)</a></li>

<li><a href="Mehri_language#Writing_system" title="Mehri language">Mehri</a></li>

<li>Pamir (<a href="Munji_language" title="Munji language">Munjani</a></li>

<li><a href="Sarikoli_language" title="Sarikoli language">Sarikoli</a></li>

<li><a href="Shughni_language" title="Shughni language">Shughni</a></li>

<li><a href="Wakhi_language" title="Wakhi language">Wakhi</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Palula_language" title="Palula language">Palula</a></li>

<li><a href="Parkari_Koli_language" title="Parkari Koli language">Parkari</a></li>

<li><a href="Pashto_alphabet" title="Pashto alphabet">Pashto</a></li>

<li><a href="Pegon_script" title="Pegon script">Pegon</a></li>

<li><a href="Persian_alphabet" title="Persian alphabet">Persian</a></li>

<li><a href="Punjabi_Shahmukhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Punjabi Shahmukhi">Punjabi</a></li>

<li><a href="Rohingya_Arabic_Alphabet" title="Rohingya Arabic Alphabet">Rohingya</a></li>

<li><a href="Saraiki_alphabet" title="Saraiki alphabet">Saraiki</a></li>

<li><a href="Sindhi_language#Writing_systems" title="Sindhi language">Sindhi</a></li>

<li>Shina

<ul><li><a href="Shina_language#Orthography" title="Shina language">Gilgiti</a></li>

<li><a href="Kohistani_Shina#Alphabet" title="Kohistani Shina">Kohistani</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Tausug_language" title="Tausug language">Sulat Sug</a></li>

<li><a href="Arwi" title="Arwi">Tamil</a></li>

<li>Tatar (<a href="%C4%B0ske_iml%C3%A2_alphabet" title="İske imlâ alphabet">İske imlâ</a></li>

<li><a href="Torwali_language#Alphabet" title="Torwali language">Torwali</a></li>

<li><a href="Turkmen_alphabet" title="Turkmen alphabet">Turkmen</a></li>

<li><a href="Ushoji_language" title="Ushoji language">Ushoji</a></li>

<li><a href="Uyghur_Arabic_alphabet" title="Uyghur Arabic alphabet">Uyghur</a></li>

<li><a href="Uzbek_alphabet" title="Uzbek alphabet">Uzbek</a></li>

<li><a href="Xiao'erjing" title="Xiao'erjing">Xiao'erjing</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Arabic_Afrikaans" title="Arabic Afrikaans">Afrikaans</a> <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li>

<li><a href="Berber_Arabic_alphabet" title="Berber Arabic alphabet">Berber</a></li>

<li><a href="Comorian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Comorian language">Comorian</a></li>

<li><a href="Fula_alphabets" title="Fula alphabets">Fula Ajami</a>

<ul><li><a href="Adamawa_Fulfulde#Orthography" title="Adamawa Fulfulde">Adamawa</a></li>

<li><a href="Bagirmi_Fulfulde#Orthography" title="Bagirmi Fulfulde">Bagirmi</a></li>

<li><a href="Nigerian_Fulfulde" title="Nigerian Fulfulde">Nigeria</a></li>

<li><a href="Pular_language#Writing" title="Pular language">Fuuta Jalon</a></li>

<li><a href="Pulaar_language#Orthography" title="Pulaar language">Fuuta Tooro</a></li>

<li><a href="Maasina_Fulfulde#Orthography" title="Maasina Fulfulde">Maasina</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Bushi_language" title="Bushi language">Kibushi</a></li>

<li><a href="Harari_language" title="Harari language">Harari</a></li>

<li><a href="Hausa_Ajami" title="Hausa Ajami">Hausa Ajami</a></li>

<li><a href="Kanembu_language" title="Kanembu language">Kanembu</a></li>

<li><a href="Serer_language#Writing_system" title="Serer language">Serer Ajami</a></li>

<li><a href="Maore_dialect" title="Maore dialect">Shimaore</a></li>

<li><a href="Songhay_languages" title="Songhay languages">Songhay</a>

<ul><li><a href="Humburi_Senni_language" title="Humburi Senni language">Humburi</a></li>

<li><a href="Koyra_Chiini_language" title="Koyra Chiini language">Koyra Chiini</a></li>

<li><a href="Koyraboro_Senni" title="Koyraboro Senni">Koyraboro Senni</a></li>

<li><a href="Zarma_language" title="Zarma language">Zarma</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Sorabe_alphabet" title="Sorabe alphabet">Sorabe</a></li>

<li><a href="Tigre_language#Arabic_script" title="Tigre language">Tigre</a></li>

<li><a href="Tuareg_languages" title="Tuareg languages">Tuareg</a>

<ul><li><a href="Air_Tamajeq_language" title="Air Tamajeq language">Air Tamajeq</a></li>

<li><a href="Tawellemmet_language" title="Tawellemmet language">Tawellemmet</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Swahili_Ajami" title="Swahili Ajami">Swahili Ajami</a></li>

<li><a href="Wadaad's_writing" title="Wadaad's writing">Wadaad</a> <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li>

<li><a href="Wolofal_alphabet" title="Wolofal alphabet">Wolof</a></li>

<li><a href="Anjemi" title="Anjemi">Yoruba</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li> Category</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q378074#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata646" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q378074#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata646" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Authority control databases </div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh2012004301">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007597620405171">Israel</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lux.collections.yale.edu/view/concept/3ca0b56f-3440-4308-8d11-cdaf562e3626">Yale LUX</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-06-30" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Ajami_script&oldid=1298091903">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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